Title	Bioinorganic Chemistry I
Code	ÚCHV/BAC1/04	Teacher	Reháková Mária
ECTS credits	5	Hrs/week	2/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Content	Metalic and non-metalic elements and their roles in biological systems (biometals, bulk biological elements, essential trace elements). Biocoordination compounds, bioligands. Biocatalyzers. Oxygen carriers and oxygen transport proteins. Photochemical process. Catalysis and regulation of bioenergetic processes by the alkaline earth metal ions. Calcium biominerals and biomineralisation. Toxic metals. Application of knowledge of bioinorganic chemistry in pharmacy, chemotherapy (e.g. platinum complexes in cancer therapy) radiodiagnostics, mineral biotechnology, and in other branches of life.
Recommended reading	Kaim W., Schwederski B.: Bioinorganic Chemistry: Inorganic Elements in  the Chemistry of Life. Wiley, Chichester 1998. Wilkins P. C., Wilkins R. G.: Inorganic Chemistry in Biology. OCP, Oxford 1997 Hay R. W.: Bio-inorganic Chemistry. John Wiley and Sons, New York 1989

Title	Structure Analysis
Code	ÚCHV/STA1/03	Teacher	Černák Juraj
ECTS credits	6	Hrs/week	2/2
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To teach students about symmetry at the micro- and macrostructural level,  about diffraction methods used for crystal structure determination and how to use the results of the crystal structure analysis in their own work.
Content	Historical introduction: importance of diffraction methods. Origin and properties of x-rays. Elements of symmetry; space groups. Crystallographic systems; Bravais unit cells. Miller indices. Theory of diffraction; Laue and Bragg equations. Reciprocal space; Ewald construction. Single crystal diffraction methods; automatic diffractometers. Powder diffraction: Debye-Scherrer and diffractometric methods, their theory and use. Atomic factor, structure factor, electronic density and their relationship. The phase problem: overview of the methods for solving the phase problems. Refinement of the structure; geometric parameters. Crystallisation processes; methods of preparation of single crystals. Density. Basic inorganic structure types.
Recommended reading	Clegg W.: Crystal Structure Determination, Oxford University Press, 1998 Luger, P.: Modern X-ray Analysis on Single Crystals. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1980

Title	Stereochemistry of Inorganic Compounds
Code	ÚCHV/SAZ1/03	Teacher	Černák Juraj
ECTS credits	4	Hrs/week	-/3
Assessment	Assessment	Semester	1
T/L method	Practical
Content	Symmetry, elements of symmetry, point groups, symmetrical properties of orbitals and bonds. Principles of stereochemistry, VSEPR, configuration of molecules, polyhedra, regular and semiregular polyhedra. Valence shells with 4 to 12 electron pairs, geometry of molecules and periodic system.
Recommended reading	Kepert, D. L.: Inorganic Stereochemistry. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1982. Kettle, S. F. A.: Symmetry and Structure. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985.

Title	Solid State Chemistry
Code	ÚCHV/CTF1/00	Teacher	Černák Juraj, Tkáčová Klára
ECTS credits	5	Hrs/week	2/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To provide students with basic knowledge on the fundamentals and significance of solid state chemistry and of reaction in the solid state.
Content	Historical development of solid state chemistry and its significance for technological progress. General fundamentals and important properties of solids: ideal and real crystals, deformation of crystals, diffusion in solids. Non-catalysed reactions involving solids: thermal decomposition, surface oxidation, reaction between solids, chemical dissolution. The influence of non-equilibrium defects on the reactivity of solids. Generation of defects by various methods of treatment: rapid quenching, doping, irradiation, mechanical activation and low temperature decomposition.
Alternate courses	ÚCHV/CTF1/99
Recommended reading	West A.R.: Basic Solid State Chemistry, J. Wiley, Chichester, 1999. Tkáčová, K.: Mechanical Activation of Minerals. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989.

Title	Basic Toxicology
Code	ÚCHV/ZTOX/04	Teacher	Györyová Katarína
ECTS credits	5	Hrs/week	2/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To provide students with knowledge of types of toxic substances and their metabolism and of the  safe handling of toxic substances.
Content	Historical aspects. Types of toxic substances, types of exposure, dose-response relationship. Disposition of toxic compounds (absorption, distribution, excretion of toxic compounds). Metabolism of toxic compounds. Drugs as toxic substances, food additives and contaminants, environmental pollutants. Statement of chemistry laboratory policy. Safe handling of toxic substances.
Recommended reading	G. F.Fuhrman: Allgemeine Toxikologie fuer Chemiker, Teubner Verlag, Stutgart 1984 V. E. Forbes, T. L. Forbe: Ecotoxicology in Theory and Practice, Chapman&Hall, London 1994. J. A. Timbrell: Introduction to Toxicology, Taylor&Francis, London 1994

Title	Seminar on Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
Code	ÚCHV/NPC2/02	Teacher
ECTS credits	1	Hrs/week	-/1
Assessment	Assessment	Semester	2
T/L method	Practical
Objective	To acquaint students with the current state of research in inorganic chemistry.
Content	Selected topics in inorganic and coordination chemistry. Study of the scientific literature and publications. Elaboration of the chemical information.
Recommended reading	Actual scientific papers and literature concerning the actual research topics in inorganic chemistry. Shriver D. F. Shriver, Atkins P. W.: Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999

Title	Bioinorganic Chemistry II
Code	ÚCHV/BAC2/05	Teacher	Györyová Katarína
ECTS credits	5	Hrs/week	2/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	2
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To provide the students with knowledge of biocoordination compounds and their physicochemical properties, e.g., the biological efficiency of some coordination compounds with transition elements (Zn, Fe, Co, Mn, Cu).
Content	Biocoordination compounds and their physicochemical properties. Metal centers in biosystems. Biological efficiency of some coordination compounds with transition elements (Zn, Fe, Co, Mn, Cu) and their utilisation in human and veterinary medicine. Toxicity of biometals.
Prerequisite courses	ÚCHV/BAC1/04
Recommended reading	Kaim, W., Schwederski, B.: Bioinorganic Chemistry: Inorganic Elements in the Chemistry of Life, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester 1994

Title	Methods of Chemical Research
Code	ÚCHV/MCV1/03	Teacher	Kladeková Daniela, Markušová Kvetoslava
ECTS credits	4	Hrs/week	2/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	2
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To familiarise students with physicochemical parameters as a means of measurement, evaluation, and interpretation in the study of a process.
Content	Overview of basic principles of the determination of physicochemical quantities (dissociation constant, activity coefficient, solubility product, stability constant of complex, diffusion coefficient). Calorimetry and its utilisation. Experimental methods in kinetics. The Butler-Volmer equation. Survey of selected key topics in colloid chemistry. Adsorption-BET equation. A discussion of topics selected from active research fields.
Recommended reading	Moore,W. J. : Physical Chemistry. Longman Group Limited, London, 1972 Willard, H. H. et al.: Instrumental Methods of Analysis. Wadsworth, Belmont, 1988 Koryta, J., Dvořák, J., Kavan, L.: Principles of Electrochemistry. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1993

Title	Neurochemistry
Code	ÚCHV/NCH/03	Teacher	Martinková Miroslava
ECTS credits	5	Hrs/week	2/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	2
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To teach students the fundamental principles of chemical transmission between nerve cells; to have students understand the necessary link between neuroanatomy and neurochemistry.
Content	Neurocellular anatomy - characteristics of the neuron. Cell membrane structures: phospholipid bilayer, membrane proteins, brain lipids, brain lipids biosynthesis. Membrane transport and ion channels. Synaptic transmission and cellular signaling. Neurotransmitters: acetylcholine, catecholamines, serotonin, amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, GABA, glycine). Neuropeptides: neuropeptide functions and regulation. G-proteins; the second-messenger hypothesis (cAMP, IP3, DAG, Ca2+). Neurotransmitters and disorders of the basal ganglia. Endocrine effects on the brain and their relationship to behaviour.
Recommended reading	G. J. Siegel, B. W. Agranoff, R. W. Albers, S. K. Fisher, M. D. Uhler: Basic Neurochemistry, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia 1999

Title	Molecular Biology
Code	ÚBEV/MB1/01	Teacher	Mišúrová Eva
ECTS credits	4	Hrs/week	3/-
Assessment	Examination	Semester	2
T/L method	Lecture
Objective	To provide the students with knowledge of molecular basis of inheritance and control of gene expression and development.
Content	Structure and properties of information macromolecules. Molecular mechanisms of DNA replication and repair, transcription and translation. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome. Control of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Control of cell cycle.
Recommended reading	Lodish, H., Baltimore, D., Berk, A. et al.: Molecular Cell Biology. Sci. Amer. Books Inc., W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, 1995. Myers, R. A.: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. VCH Publishers Inc., New York, 1995

Title	Thermal Analysis
Code	ÚCHV/TA1/03	Teacher	Györyová Katarína
ECTS credits	5	Hrs/week	2/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	2
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To provide students with knowledge of experimental thermoanalytical techniques, the use of thermoanalytic methods for characterisation of inorganic and organic compounds and reaction kinetics.
Content	Introduction: Experimental thermoanalytical techniques (thermogravi-metric analysis, differential thermal analysis, thermomagnetic techniques, thermodilatometric analysis, high temperature reflectance spectroscopy). The use of thermoanalytic methods for characterisation of inorganic and organic compounds, materials and pharmaceutical substances. Reaction kinetics.
Recommended reading	Heide K.: Dynamische thermische Analysenmethoden, VEB Deutsch Verlag Wissenschaften, Leipzig, 1979

Title	Bioinorganic Chemistry III
Code	ÚCHV/BAC3/04	Teacher	Zeleňák Vladimír
ECTS credits	5	Hrs/week	2/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	2
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To acquant students with the current state of selected topics of the research in bioinorganic chemistry.
Content	Singlet and triplet dioxygen and organisms. Oxygen atom transfer reactions. Dioxygen radical generating systems. Inorganic compounds as the analogues of the active sites of the metalloproteins. Construction of small molecule enzyme mimics as drugs (SOD mimics). Metals in medical applications (the use of chelating agents, metal based chemotherapeutic drugs, metallodrugs as diagnostic agents, metals as biomaterials). Physical methods.
Prerequisite courses	ÚCHV/BAC1/04
Recommended reading	W. Kaim, B. Schwederski: Bioinorganic Chemistry: Inorganic Elements in the Chemistry of Life, Wiley, Chichester, England, 1994 J. A Helsen, H. J. Breme: Metals as Biomaterials, Wiley, Chichester, England, 1998 P. C. Wilkins, R. G. Wilkins: Inorganic Chemistry in Biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1997. R.W. Hay: Bio-inorganic chemistry. Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, England, 1987

Title	Special Toxicology
Code	ÚCHV/STOX/04	Teacher	Györyová Katarína
ECTS credits	5	Hrs/week	2/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	3
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To provide students with knowledge of the toxicology of organic and inorganic compounds, drugs, food additives, e.g., safety of substances, designation of substances in accordance with norms of the European Union and the laws of the Slovak Republic.
Content	Historical aspects, types of toxic substances, dosage (LD50, ED50, TD50, tolerance), absorption and distribution of toxic compounds. Metabolism of toxic compounds (oxidation reactions, reduction, glucuronidation, glutathione conjugation, acetylation); excretion of toxic compounds; toxicology of metals (alkali, alkali earth and transition metals), radioactive substances, drugs, food additives, industrial chemicals, household poisons, environmental pollutants and organic compounds, animal toxins, fungal and microbial toxins.  Risk and safety practices with chemical substances, designation of substances in accordance with the norms of the European Union and the laws of the Slovak Republic.
Recommended reading	J. A. Timbrell: Introduction to Toxicology, Taylor and Francis, London 1989 H. Kenneth Dillon, Mat H. Ho: Biological Monitoring of Exposure to    Chemicals: Metals, John Wiley & Sons, New York 1991 V. E. Forbes, T. L. Forbes: Toxicology in Theory and Practice, Chapmane Hall, London 1994 H. M. Stahr: Analytical Methods in Toxicology, John Wiley & Sons, New York 1991

Title	Electrode Processes and Technology
Code	ÚCHV/ELD1/03	Teacher	Turoňová Andrea,
ECTS credits	4	Hrs/week	2/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To teach students the various electrochemical processes and their applications in practical technology.
Content	Theory of the electrode processes. Electrolyser construction. Electrolysis of H2O. Electrolysis of NaCl. Electrolytical deposition and refining of metal from aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solutions, from melts. Electrolysis of Al. Electrolytic deposition of metal coatings on substrates. Electrolytic coating of varnish for car industry. Principles of corrosion and surface protection.

Title	Macromolecular Chemistry
Code	ÚCHV/MMU/03	Teacher	Kladeková Daniela, Markušová Kvetoslava
ECTS credits	4	Hrs/week	3/-
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1
T/L method	Lecture
Objective	To make students familiar with available structures of polymers and their synthesis methods as well as with the ways that structure is reflected in their properties.
Content	Fundamental aspects of chemical composition of polymers-monomers; shape and the relationship between structure and properties. Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures. Thermal transition. Molecular mass distributions. Determination of molecular mass of macromolecules. Synthetic methods of functional polymers and their characterisation. Naturally occurring polymers: their properties. Degradation of polymers. Polymers and the environment.
Recommended reading	Elias H.-G.: Macromolecules. Volume 1 (Structure and Properties); Volume 2 (Synthesis, Materials, and Technology). Plenum Press, New York, 1984 Moore W. J.: Physical Chemistry. Longman, London,1972 Munk P.: Introduction to Macromolecular Science. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989 Atkins P. W.: Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, 2002

Title	Kinetics and Catalysis
Code	ÚCHV/FKK1/03	Teacher	Oriňáková Renáta, Markušová Kvetoslava
ECTS credits	4	Hrs/week	2/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To develop student understanding of the kinetics of different types of reactions, e.g., homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.
Content	Classification of chemical reactions. Reaction rates. Rate laws. Reaction order. Elementary reactions. Complicated reactions. Theory of chemical kinetics. Experimental methods of chemical kinetics. Complex reactions mechanism. Explosions. Photochemical reactions. Essence of adsorption, types of adsorption, adsorption isotherms. Essence of catalytic processes. Catalysis influenced phenomena. Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Enzymatic catalysis.
Alternate courses	ÚCHV/FKK1/99 orÚCHV/FKK1/02

Title	Quantum Chemistry
Code	ÚCHV/KOC1/01	Teacher	Danihel Ivan
ECTS credits	5	Hrs/week	3/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To have students improve their knowledge in the field of valence-bond based on molecular orbital theory (MO) and individually to perform basic quantum chemical calculations (molecular geometry optimisation, transition states, vibrational analysis, etc.).
Content	Development of valence-bond theory. Time-independent Schrodinger equation. Basic approximations in molecular orbital valence-bond theory. Variant methods of calculation in the framework of molecular orbital valence-bond theory. Chemical reactivity. Potential energy hypersurfaces of molecules. Reaction coordinate. Calculation of absolute and relative equilibrium and rate constants in gas phase. Solvatation energy calculation.
Alternate courses	ÚCHV/KOC1/99 orÚCHV/KOC1/00
Recommended reading	Jensen F.: Introduction to Computational Chemistry, Wiley, 2000  Leach A.R.: Molecular Modelling, Addison Wesley Longman Ltd. 1998 Náray-Szabó G., Surján P.R., Ángyán J.G.: Applied Quantum Chemistry, Akadémia Kiadó, Budapest, 1987

Title	Special Seminar
Code	ÚCHV/VSE1a/04	Teacher	Andruch Vasiľ, Reiffová Katarína, Gondová Taťána, Vojteková Viera
ECTS credits	2	Hrs/week	-/2
Assessment	Assessment	Semester	1
T/L method	Practical
Content	Actual problems of physical and analytical chemistry which are connected with the solution of the students’ theses.

Title	Solid State Chemistry
Code	ÚCHV/CTF1/00	Teacher	Černák Juraj, Tkáčová Klára
ECTS credits	5	Hrs/week	2/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To provide students with basic knowledge on the fundamentals and significance of solid state chemistry and of reaction in the solid state.
Content	Historical development of solid state chemistry and its significance for technological progress. General fundamentals and important properties of solids: ideal and real crystals, deformation of crystals, diffusion in solids. Non-catalysed reactions involving solids: thermal decomposition, surface oxidation, reaction between solids, chemical dissolution. The influence of non-equilibrium defects on the reactivity of solids. Generation of defects by various methods of treatment: rapid quenching, doping, irradiation, mechanical activation and low temperature decomposition.
Alternate courses	ÚCHV/CTF1/99
Recommended reading	West A.R.: Basic Solid State Chemistry, J. Wiley, Chichester, 1999 Tkáčová, K.: Mechanical Activation of Minerals. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989.

Title	Atomic Spectrochemistry
Code	ÚCHV/AAS1/03	Teacher	Bazeľ Yaroslav, Vojteková Viera
ECTS credits	6	Hrs/week	2/2
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To provide students with theoretical information and practical experience with atomic absorption and emission methods used in analytical practice (environmental analysis, material research, clinical and food analysis).
Content	Basic and enhanced information about spectral (optical) methods; history of their development; practical applications: optical analytical methods, principles, classification; atomic spectra, creation, analytical use. Modern equipment for scanning for radiation. Detection of radiation in spectrochemistry. Historical development; actual trends. Photographical detection and its particularities. Methodologies for  solution analysis; special methods for the direct transport of the solid samples in the DCA source. Atomic absorption spectrometry, flame and electrothermal atomisation. Methods based on the interaction of the RTG radiation and the sample: advantages, disadvantages and applications of WDXRF, EDXRF, TXRF.
Alternate courses	ÚCHV/AAS1/01
Recommended reading	D. A. Skoog, J. J. Leary: Instrumental Analytics. Springer, Berlin - Heidelberg 1996 B. Welz, M. Sperling: Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Germany 1998 2. Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Timothy A. Nieman: Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Wandsworth, 1997

Title	Analysis of Psychotropic and Narcotic Substances
Code	ÚCHV/APO1/02	Teacher	Gondová Taťána
ECTS credits	4	Hrs/week	2/-
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1
T/L method	Lecture
Content	Drugs; drug dependence. Psychotropic and narcotic substances: classification, properties and laws. Dose and tolerance, therapy, prevention. Pharmacokinetics of the drug. Biological effects, biotransformations, receptors. The methods used in the analysis of the drugs (clinical, forensic analysis): opiates, cocaine, amphetamines and their analogues, hallucinogenics, cannabis products, etc.
Alternate courses	ÚCHV/APO1/99 orÚCHV/APO1/00

Title	Chromatographic Analysis
Code	ÚCHV/CHRA1/03	Teacher	Oriňák Andrej
ECTS credits	6	Hrs/week	2/2
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Content	General characteristics of chromatographic system and chromatographic separation.  Analyte retention in chromatography; retention indices. Models used for chromatographic system description. Parameters affecting quality of chromatographic separation.  Sensitivity, separated analytes, separation time, optimisation of chromatographic process. General equation of chromatography. Evaluation of retention and selectivity of chromatographic process. Stationary phase. Qualitative chromatographic analysis. Quantitative analysis methods; sample preparation. System of analyte separation. Identification in chromatographic analysis.

Title	Practical in Physical Chemistry
Code	ÚCHV/PFCU/03	Teacher	Markušová Kvetoslava
ECTS credits	4	Hrs/week	-/3
Assessment	Assessment	Semester	1
T/L method	Practical
Objective	To allow students to verify theoretical principles and to learn to describe each technique involved in appropriate physical chemistry experiments.
Content	Experimental verification of theoretical knowledge involving thermodynamics, thermochemistry, chemical equilibria (determination of enthalpy, phase diagrams), colligative properties (cryoscopy, ebulioscopy), adsorption. Experimental verification of theoretical knowledge involving electrochemistry (conductivity, dissociation constants, potentials, electromotoric potentials of cells, activity coefficients, polarography) and chemical kinetics (determination of rate constants).
Recommended reading	Levitt B. P.: Findlay´s Practical Physical Chemistry. Longman, London, 1973 Moore W. J.: Physical Chemistry. Longman, London, 1972 Atkins P. W.: Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, 2002

Title	Bioanalytical Chemistry
Code	ÚCHV/BACH1/03	Teacher	Reiffová Katarína, Bazeľ Yaroslav
ECTS credits	5	Hrs/week	2/1
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1, 3
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To impart theoretical knowledge and to give practical experience to students about the application of analytical chemistry and analytical methods to clinical chemistry, clinical biochemistry, haematology, microbiology and immunology.
Content	Introduction to bioanalytical chemistry. Biological sample; classification. Sampling techniques, transport, sample storing and conservation. Selected methods of sample pre-treatment for bio- analysis. Conditions for analytical method selection. Presentation of analytical data evaluation. Optimisation of analytical procedure. Control and management of quality in clinical laboratory. Molecules colouring and their analytical applications. Enzymes in bioanalysis. Immunochemical methods.  Microbiological methods.  Analysis of biomolecules separation methods selection. Analytical technique of miniaturisation: principle, microchips, biosensors.
Recommended reading	Mikkelsen S.R, Cortón E.: Bioanalytical Chemistry, Wiley, 2004 Wilson I.: Bioanalytical Separations 4, (Handbook of Analytical Separations), Elsevier, 2003

Title	Electroanalytical Methods
Code	ÚCHV/FEM/03	Teacher	Markušová Kvetoslava
ECTS credits	6	Hrs/week	2/2
Assessment	Examination	Semester	1, 3
T/L method	Lecture, Practical
Objective	To provide students a survey of the principles, theoretical background and practical applications of modern electroanalytical methods.
Content	Importance of electroanalytical methods for environmental control and protection, requirements of practice, electrochemical cells, electrode potential, mass transfer by convection, migration and diffusion, Cottrell equation, direct current voltametry and polarography (principle, theoretical backround, examples of practical application). TAST polarography and voltametry, staircase voltammetry, pulse techniques: normal pulse and differential pulse voltammetry and polarography, square-wave voltammetry and polarography, AC polarography and voltammetry, anodic stripping voltammetry, adsorptive (or accumulation) voltammetry (applications in clinical and environmental analysis), working electrodes in voltammetry: stationary mercury electrode, mercury film electrode, glassy carbon electrode, carbon paste electrode, metallic electrodes, rotating disk electrode, rotating ring-disk electrode, ultramicroelectrodes, chemically modified electrodes, potentiometry, principles of ion selective electrodes, glass electrodes, ISE with solid and liquid membranes, biocatalytic membrane electrodes, chronopotentiometry, potentiometric stripping analysis, electroanalytic-al detectors in flow systems, amperometric titrations, biamperometric and bipotentiometric titrations, potentiostatic and galvanostatic coulometry.
Recommended reading	F. Scholtz: Electroanalytical Methods, Springer Verlsag, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-540-42449-3 J. Wang: Analytical Electrochemistry, VCH Publ., New York 1994, 2000  R. Kalvoda (Ed.): Electroanalytical Methods in Chemical and Environmental Analysis, Plenum Publ. Corp., New York 1987. A. J. Bard, L. R. Faulkner: Electrochemical Methods, John Wiley and Sons, New York 1980 T. Riley, A. Watson: Polarography and Other Voltametric Methods, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester 1987 J. Wang: Stripping Analysis, VCH Publ. Inc., Deerfield Beach 1985